The Nervous System

The nervous system is a complex network of specialized cells, tissues, and organs that transmit and process information through electrical and chemical signals. It controls and coordinates the body’s functions, including movement, sensation, perception, and cognition.

Main Components

Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord.
 
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body.
 
Somatic Nervous System: Controls voluntary movements and sensory functions.
 
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Regulates involuntary functions, such as heart rate and digestion.

Functions

Control and Coordination: Integrates and processes information to control body functions.
 
Sensation and Perception: Receives and interprets sensory information from the environment.
 
Movement and Action: Transmits signals to muscles and glands to respond to stimuli.
 
Cognition and Emotion: Enables thought, learning, memory, and emotional experiences.

Key Players

Neurons: Specialized cells transmit and process information.
 
Synapses: Gaps between neurons where chemical signals are transmitted.
 
Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers transmitting signals across synapses.
 
Glia: Supporting cells providing nutrients, protection, and maintenance for neurons.

Interesting Facts

  • The human brain contains over 86 billion neurons!
  • The nervous system transmits signals at speeds of up to 200 miles per hour!
  • The gut has a separate nervous system, often called the “little brain”!
  • Neuroplasticity allows the brain to reorganize and adapt throughout life!

Related Simulations

Internal Heart Structure

Heart Beat

Heart Valves